School of Business

Permanent link for this community

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14078/20

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 24

Comparing advertising effectiveness in South-American and North-American contexts: testing Hofstede's and Inglehart's cultural dimensions in the higher education sector
(2017) Pergelova, Albena; Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando
This research compares the effectiveness of advertising and relational marketing in two countries characterized by varying levels of both Hofstede's and Inglehart's cultural dimensions – Peru (high-power distance, high collectivism, survival and traditional values) and Canada (low-power distance, high individualism, self-expression and secular-rational values). Survey data from a high credence service sector (higher education) in both countries is used for the analysis. The results indicate that advertising and relational marketing have direct effects on choice in Peru, but do not have significant direct effects on choice in Canada. Advertising does, however, affect positively perceptual outcome measures (perceived marketing effectiveness) in Canada. Additionally, we find that advertising and relational marketing have an indirect impact on choice and perceived marketing effectiveness through the mediation of perceived informativeness and influencers in both countries. These results point to the need to account for mechanisms and mediating variables when building theoretical frameworks in cross-country studies.
A cross-country study of marketing effectiveness in high-credence services
(2016) Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Pergelova, Albena; Cheben, Juraj; Angulo-Altamirano, Eladio
This research seeks to examine the influence of traditional advertising, Internet marketing, and relational marketing on choice and willingness to recommend across countries with varying levels of the Inglehart–Baker cultural dimensions. In the general model, including four countries, relational, and Internet marketing have a significant and positive effect on choice. In the country-specific models, relational marketing has significant positive effects in Canada, Slovakia, and Peru; traditional advertising only in Peru; and Internet marketing only in Slovakia. None of those activities has an influence on choice in Hungary. Relational marketing and Internet marketing have indirect effects on willingness to recommend through the mediating influence of choice. The study provides evidence of comparative marketing effectiveness in the context of high-credence service across different countries.
An empowerment model of youth financial behavior
(2015) Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Pergelova, Albena
The current study examines the antecedents of youth financial behavior. By grounding the conceptual framework on empowerment theory, we argue that in addition to financial knowledge other elements such as intrapersonal (e.g., locus of control and motivation) and interactional elements (e.g., parental financial teaching and behavior) also impact youth financial behavior. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling is used on a data set of youth from Western Canada. The results indicate that external locus of control has the highest total effect on youth financial behavior followed by parental influence and motivation. Findings are validated by performing several robustness checks and multigroup analysis. Organizations trying to influence youth financial behavior should broaden the understanding of empowerment to include personal worldview, motivation, as well as social surroundings.
The entrepreneurial quest for emancipation: trade-offs, practices, and outcomes in an Indigenous context
(2022) Pergelova, Albena; Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Dana, Leo-Paul
This paper builds on theoretical developments that view entrepreneurship as emancipation, i.e., entrepreneurial activities as generators of change and pursuit of freedom from perceived constraints. Using a representative data set of 1095 SMEs owned by Indigenous entrepreneurs in Canada, the authors investigate how pursuit of this freedom affects (i) the way entrepreneurs enact several aspects of their ventures and (ii) the performance outcomes achieved. Findings reveal how the initial motivations of entrepreneurs (seeking change for the social collective of which they are a part versus seeking autonomy for themselves) lead to distinct business practices, which in turn impact differentially entrepreneurial outcomes.
Entrepreneurship as change-creation: testing the emancipation perspective and its outcomes
(2017) Pergelova, Albena; Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Dana, Léo-Paul
This paper contributes to the emerging wave of critical entrepreneurship studies by building on recent conceptual advancements that view entrepreneuring as emancipation, i.e., entrepreneurial activities as generators of change and pursuit of liberation from perceived constraints. Using a representative dataset of Canadian Aboriginal SMEs, the paper investigates how the type of “freedom” / liberation entrepreneurs pursue affects the way they enact several aspects of their businesses and the performance outcomes achieved. Findings suggest that distinctly different business models, practices, and outcomes characterize entrepreneurs looking for freedom for themselves vs. the ones looking for change for the social collective of which they are apart.
Entrepreneurship education and its gendered effects on feasibility, desirability and intentions for technology entrepreneurship among STEM students
(2023) Pergelova, Albena; Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Manolova, Tatiana; Yordanova, Desislava
This study aims to examine how entrepreneurship education influences intentions for starting a technology venture among science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) students with particular attention to gender differences. This study builds on the model of entrepreneurial event and social role theory to assess the impact of entrepreneurship education on feasibility, desirability and intentions for technology entrepreneurship.
The financial contribution of customer-oriented marketing capability
(2014) Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Donthu, Naveen; Prior, Diego; Rialp, Josep
This article assesses the financial contribution of marketing capability. In contrast with previous research, which conceptualizes marketing capability as the deployment of marketing resources to achieve sales, this study conceives marketing capability as the deployment of marketing resources to achieve the ultimate objectives of customer satisfaction and brand equity (i.e., customer-oriented marketing capability [COMC]). Thus, this research disentangles the dynamic relationships among marketing resources, sales, customer satisfaction, and brand equity through the use of network Data Envelopment Analysis to capture COMC. According to what the value relevance perspective proposes, COMC positively influences the growth of Tobin's q and improves the growth of analysts' recommendations. These findings remain robust and consistent with the use of additional measures and methods common to the marketing and financial literatures. Our study provides tools and a framework for analysis for managers to maximize their ability to use marketing strategy to drive performance.
Funding marketing resources and capabilities during a recession: An empirical examination of top corporate advertisers
(2022) Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Donthu, Naveen; Prior, Diego; Rialp-Criado, Josep
We ask whether the funding behaviour of companies is different during a recession. Specifically, we study whether firms fund marketing resources and capabilities with internal or external financing during a recession, and under which conditions of strategic financial flexibility debt might be used to fund marketing resources and capabilities in recessions.
Gender and international entry mode
(2018) Pergelova, Albena; Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Yordanova, Desislava
This article examines whether male- and female-led small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) adopt different strategic directions when internationalising. We build on the notion of gendered socialisation and the resource-based view examining gender differences in international entry modes. We also analyse several contingencies in the relationship between gender and internationalisation. Findings indicate that female-led SMEs are more likely to internationalise via export than foreign direct investment (FDI). The results challenge conventional wisdom on the role of resources and capabilities accumulated with manager age in the process of internationalisation; younger female chief executive officers are more likely to internationalise via FDI. The results offer novel insights to the literature on internationalisation of SMEs calling for more attention towards the interplay of social norms and gendered structural arrangements, on the one hand, and entrepreneurial agency, on the other, for a better understanding of the internationalisation of female-led SMEs.
How do marketing activities influence organizational reputation in higher education institutions? An impression management perspective across eight countries
(2022) Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Pergelova, Albena; Cheben, Juraj; Angulo-Altamirano, Eladio
Based on impression management theory, we ask how marketing activities build organizational reputation and we examine the mediating mechanisms of desired impressions, and the moderating impact of national culture. Specifically, and in the context of higher education institutions, we examine the influence of relational marketing and traditional advertising on organizational reputation through the mediation of desired impressions (e.g., quality of learning, career prospects and extracurricular activities) across countries.
How does home government influence the internationalization of emerging market firms? The mediating role of strategic intents to internationalize
(2019) Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Pergelova, Albena; Wei, William Xiaojun
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the differential impact of government promotional measures and government ownership on two internationalization variables: location and speed of internationalization of emerging market multinationals (EMNEs). Central to the authors’ study is the mediating role of strategic intents to internationalize. In particular, we study how government impacts the resource-seeking, market-seeking and technology-seeking motives to internationalize. The empirical setting for the paper is Chinese companies that have internationalized via an equity based entry mode. The authors employ 672 firm responses collected by the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada and the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade. The empirical results demonstrate that different home government measures have differential impact on internationalization outcomes. Government promotional measures (such as direct incentives and bilateral agreements to support internationalization) have only an indirect effect on international location and speed through the effect they have on the strategic motives to internationalize; while government ownership in the company has a direct impact on international location. The study highlights that home governments are shaping EMNEs strategic intent. Home government can influence EMNEs internationalization choices by providing resource flows through financial resources and state ownership or through asset-accumulation mechanisms via promotional measures .Policy makers in emerging markets need to develop policies focused on the specific motivations that firms have when internationalizing. EMNEs are suggested to take advantage of government policies more intentionally. The theoretical contribution centers on identifying important mediating mechanisms pointing to the interplay between government policies and international location and speed of firms. The authors contribute to the growing stream of research on internationalization of emerging market firms by building a sound theoretical model and examining empirically the role of home government in the internationalization of EMNEs.
How does marketing capability impact abnormal stock returns? The mediating role of growth
(2018) Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Donthu, Naveen; Prior, Diego; Rialp, Josep
Building on the frameworks of the resource-based view and value relevance, this study contributes to how the firms' marketing capabilities affect firm performance. More specifically, this research examines growth as a potential mechanism to explain how marketing capabilities impact stock returns. This study estimates empirical models using a merged data set comprising firms' marketing and financial information. Results indicate that asset growth mediates the relationship between marketing capability and abnormal stock returns. Marketing capabilities in general and marketing capabilities of retail firms specifically show direct significant effects on abnormal stock returns. This study contributes to resource-based view theory in marketing by demonstrating that it is not only the intangible characteristic of marketing capabilities, but also the growth potential that marketing capabilities exhibit that help explain higher stock returns. This study points to the need to account for mechanisms and mediating variables when building theoretical frameworks of the impact of marketing capabilities on firm performance.
The impact of government financial support on the performance of new firms: the role of competitive advantage as an intermediate outcome
(2014) Pergelova, Albena; Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando
This research examines the influence of government financial support on new firms' performance. Extant empirical research on the topic has found mixed results, which warrants an exploration of the theoretical basis for the impact of support policies on new firms' performance. Grounding the theoretical model in the resource-based view and institutional theories, this study contends that performance outcomes – e.g. revenues or profits – should not be the first outcomes of public policies to be examined. Instead, competitive advantage formation is suggested as a link between support policies and new firms' performance. Using new firms from the USA, we examine the impact of government financial support measures – government loans, guarantees and government equity – on firms' overall competitive advantage and more specific types of competitive advantage based on innovation, licensing-in, marketing and human capital. Controlling for family funding, bank financing, equity of business angels and venture capitalists, industry, size as well as entrepreneur's characteristics, the results reveal that government guarantees and government equity have a direct effect on new firms' competitive advantage and only an indirect impact on performance. Our results suggest to policy-makers to focus on helping new firms build the necessary capabilities to compete successfully in the marketplace.
The influence of entrepreneurs’ culture and ethnicity on firms’ degree of hybridity
(2023) Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Muralidharan, Etayankara
Hybrid businesses that combine profit and social objectives at their core play an important role in their communities. In this article, we use insights from paradox theory to examine the influence of entrepreneurs’ cultural value orientations and ethnicity on distinct forms of hybrid businesses. We use a unique random sample of international small- and medium-sized privately owned businesses in Canada. After controlling for alternative explanations and using propensity scores to match the samples of Indigenous and non-Indigenous entrepreneurs, we consistently find that entrepreneurs’ self-expression values and Indigenous ethnicity are positively associated with a higher degree of hybridity in the businesses they start. Our findings contribute to the conversations on the micro-foundations of organizational paradox and to the literature on the factors that influence different hybrid organizational forms. Besides, our findings also add to the literature that examines hybridity in the context of internationalized businesses. The rationality and culture of the entrepreneur affect organizational paradox. Entrepreneurs with self-expressive values and identified with an Indigenous ethnicity have higher proclivities to form ideal hybrids and embrace paradoxical organizational forms.
The influence of motivations on international location choice in least developed, emerging and developed countries: evidence from Chinese MNEs
(2022) Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Pergelova, Albena; Wei, William Xiaojun
This research aims to assess variations of motivations when studying international location decisions. In particular, this study aims to assess the influence of diverse motivations – seeking technology, seeking brand assets, seeking markets, seeking resources and escaping institutional constraints – as determinants of the international location choice of emerging market multinational enterprises (EM MNEs) entering least developed, emerging, and developed countries.
Internationalization of Indigenous businesses: a comparison between new ventures and older firms (interactive paper)
(2016) Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Pergelova, Albena; Skudra, Max; Gladu, J. P.
This research studies the impact of entrepreneur’s characteristics, entrepreneur’s network, firm capabilities, and firm competitive advantages on the internationalization of new and older firms. The context to study this phenomenon is indigenous entrepreneurship. Indigenous peoples are commonly among the most vulnerable segments of society. From this perspective, indigenous people might perceive the context as a liability. However, the indigenous context provides entrepreneurs with culture-specific values and skills that can be leveraged in the marketplace. The current study adds the notion of entrepreneur’s identity rooted in culture-specific values as a source of competitive advantage that can aid in internationalization. This study uses a unique dataset of Aboriginal businesses in Canada developed by the Canadian Council for Aboriginal Business. The dataset includes data collected in the 2011 Aboriginal Business Survey, which is based on a telephone survey conducted with a representative sample of 1,095 self-identified First Nations, Métis and Inuit small business owners.
The internationalization of social hybrid firms
(2020) Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Pergelova, Albena; Dana, Leo-Paul
This paper is concerned with the internationalization of firms that combine social and profit objectives at their core, referred to as social hybrid firms. In contrast to most profit-focused firms, such firms tend to place considerable attention on the social impact within their local communities. For this reason, the internationalization behavior of these firms has received limited research attention. In our empirical setting, however, some social hybrid firms go beyond their local communities and internationalize. Using the attention-based view as a theoretical framework, we hypothesize several boundary conditions that affect the internationalization of social hybrid firms and test them with a representative data set of small and medium-sized, privately-owned, indigenous businesses in Canada. Our findings reveal that social hybrid firms are more likely to internationalize when the levels of institutional isomorphism are high and when the organization leverages economic network ties. However, social network ties and government support reduce the likelihood of social hybrid firms to internationalize. The study provides theoretical and practical implications related to the phenomenon of social hybrid firms, their internationalization, and the attention-based view of the firm.
A market segmentation approach for higher education based on rational and emotional factors
(2010) Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Pergelova, Albena; Rialp, Josep
Market segmentation is an important topic for higher education administrators and researchers. For segmenting the higher education market, we have to understand what factors are important for high school students in selecting a university. Extant literature has probed the importance of rational factors such as teaching staff, campus facilities, and quality of education. Less attention has been devoted to the relevance of emotional factors such as personal values. The aim of this paper is to suggest a segmentation approach based on integrating rational and emotional factors that prospective students value when selecting a university. We gather information from 21 focus groups and develop a survey applied to a sample of high school students. We find six segments characterized by distinct rational and emotional underlying factors that lead to a particular composition for each segment. The factors discussed in this research can be used as a guide for higher education managers to develop segmentation and communication plans.
Marketing and corporate social performance: steering the wheel towards marketing's impact on society.
(2013) Pergelova, Albena; Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual basis and to suggest methodological approaches for a shift in research efforts at the crossroad of marketing and corporate social responsibility (CSR). As such, we build on theoretical developments in marketing and offer a research agenda for bridging theory and empirical research. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper that presents theoretical developments in marketing and a review of empirical literature on marketing and CSR. Based on those, a gap between developments in marketing theory and empirical literature is identified and three future research streams are elaborated. Findings Currently there is a curious divide in the marketing literature: while marketing theory is shifting towards a view of the customers in their different roles in society and co-creation of value, the performance metrics used in empirical research are almost exclusively focused on the company. A review of the literature reveals that the majority of the research on the topic has focused on how CSR and socially responsible behavior will impact corporate financial performance. We contend that we should turn to examining social performance marketing metrics in their own legitimacy, whether or not they might prove further to be connected to financial performance. Limitations The study is framed within the marketing literature and as such has the inherent limitation of incorporating mainly literature from this domain. Implications We need to shift the wheel and focus towards how the firm's marketing and CSR efforts affect society. Measuring the impact of CSR on firm-related financial outcomes does not give us an indication of the social impact of companies' CSR activities. Contribution By identifying a clear divide between recent developments in marketing theory and the empirical literature at the crossroad of marketing and CSR, this paper focuses the attention on the need to develop marketing metrics that reflect the social impact of companies' CSR activities. The authors develop three future research streams that are suggested as a way of bridging the gap between theory and empirical efforts, and propose methodological approaches for each of the three streams. It is hoped that this will help shift research efforts towards measuring the social impact of CSR activities, instead of just the company impact.
Measuring the efficiency of digital advertising
(2017) Pergelova, Albena; Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando
...this chapter's objective is to synthesize the digital advertising effectiveness/ efficiency literature, propose a model that incorporates a broader set of metrics, including consumer empowerment, and outline a methodological measurement approach that can capture the diversity of inputs and outputs (both consumer and advertiser-controlled) generated as a result of digital advertising campaigns. Current Ways to Measure Digital Advertising Effects In this section, we provide a review of the digital advertising effectiveness literature, organizing it around two themes: advertiser-controlled inputs into the ad campaign and consumer-controlled inputs (Rodgers &Thorson, 2000), with the caveat that the distinction is fluid because of the consumer-advertiser interaction and interdependence in the process (Stewart & Pavlou, 2002). The review is not meant to be exhaustive, but rather is to illustrate the types of inputs into and outcomes from digital advertising campaigns.

Browse

Browsing School of Business by Author "Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando"

Results Per Page

Sort Options