Department of Accounting and Finance

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14078/21

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German investment in Ireland and in the central and east European countries
(2007) Wei, William Xiaojun; Andreosso-O'Callaghan, Bernadette; Wuntsch, Michael von
This paper draws on the findings of a questionnaire survey and the results of interviews on German multinational companies’ (MNCs) investment location choices in both Ireland and the EU new member countries. It focuses on the investigation of the internationalisation strategies and location choices of German manufacturing MNCs against the background of growing regional economic integration, and in particular the fifth EU enlargement. Based on the examination of FDI data, the study also aims at highlighting the current level of German FDI in the above destinations and at discussing possible future German FDI trends.
Modelling EU FDI deflection between the new EU member states and Chinese provinces
(2008) Wei, William Xiaojun; Andreosso-O'Callaghan, Bernadette
The issue of regionalism and how it affects FDI allocation within and between regions has not yet been dealt with satisfactorily by the voluminous literature on FDI. The issue of FDI dispersion, or of how traditional recipients of FDI flows can be affected by rising competitive advantages in countries of the same region as well as in countries of other regions, has received little attention. This article introduces the concept of EU FDI deflection across regions and measures it for 14 chosen locations in the new EU member states and Chinese provinces against the background of the fifth EU enlargement.
Research on identifying important coefficients in Chinese sectors with high industrial wastewater discharge
(2009) Zhipeng, Tang; Xue, Fu; Wei, William Xiaojun
The industrial wastewater is one of the main sources of water pollution in China. Identifying important coefficients in the sectors with highly discharged wastewater provides government the rule of reducing discharge from the point of industrial association. This paper develops the losing information method, and then determines the important coefficients in sectors of industrial wastewater in 2002 and 2005.
Managing political risks of Chinese contracted projects in Libya
(2012) Zhang, Juan; Wei, William Xiaojun
The contracted project is the basic form of SinoLibyan economic cooperation. The authors hope that Chinese constructors will learn from this case study. This article assesses the political risk for Chinese contracted projects at three levels and studies their countermeasures to this emergency and the effects of political risks on Chinese constructors in Libya. The research finds that Chinese constructors are not good at political risk management due to their traditional attitudes toward risk and the attitudes of the Chinese government toward overseas losses of Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs). However, Chinese SOEs are more experienced than private-owned enterprises in dealing with emergencies.
Strategic entry and determinants of Chinese private enterprises into Africa
(2013) Zhang, Juan; Wei, William Xiaojun; Liu, Zuanshi
The authors discuss the strategic entry of Chinese private enterprises (PEs) into Africa by analyzing their characteristics of host distribution and overseas companies’ function and type. They find that Chinese PEs tend to invest in countries where Chinese investment has already concentrated, that more Chinese PEs engage in manufacturing and services than in agriculture and mining and quarrying, and that Chinese PEs take higher risks by choosing the type of subsidiary companies to enter Africa. They also make an empirical study of the determinants of Chinese PEs compared with state-owned enterprises in the period 2002–2011 and found Chinese PEs in Africa are driven mainly by the motivation of market-seeking, not by resource-seeking; China’s imports from the host country also facilitate Chinese companies’ investment in Africa; and Chinese companies in Africa are risk-takers. At the end of the article, they study the case of Touchroad and verify the results of their empirical study.
A preliminary forecast of the production status of China’s Daqing oil field from the perspective of EROI
(2014) Xu, Bo; Feng, Lianyong; Wei, William Xiaojun; Hu, Yan; Wang, Jianliang
Energy return on investment (EROI) and net energy are useful metrics for analyzing energy production physically rather than monetarily. However, these metrics are not widely applied in China. In this study, we forecast the Daqing oilfield’s EROI from 2013 to 2025 using existing data for crude oil and natural gas production and the basic rules of EROI. Unfortunately, our calculations indicate that the oilfield’s EROI will continuously decline from 7.3 to 4.7, and the associated net energy will continuously decline from 1.53 × 1012 MJ to 1.25 × 1012 MJ. If China’s energy intensity does not decline as planned in the next ten years, then the EROI of Daqing will be even lower than our estimates. Additionally, relating the EROI to the monetary return on investment (MROI) in a low production and high intensity scenario, Daqing’s EROI will decline to 2.9 and its MROI will decline to 1.8 by 2025. If the “law of minimum EROI” and the assumed “minimum MROI” are taken into account, then we estimate that both energy pressure and economic pressure will restrict Daqing’s production by 2025.
Who is the real fan for luxury? Generational differences in China
(2016) Shan, Juan; Jiang, Ling; Wei, William Xiaojun
We investigated whether or not consumers' attitudes toward luxury brands differ between the young and older generations in China, and, if they do differ, how this manifests. In Study 1, data were collected from 210 participants. The results showed that Chinese consumers born after 1979 (young) value luxury brands more than do consumers born before 1979 (older). In Study 2, we conducted a survey with 623 consumers from the angle of perceived luxury value to investigate why such differences exist. The results showed that, for young Chinese consumers, luxury brands evoked a greater sense of perceived luxury value, that is, stronger self-identity, higher status, and more conspicuousness and hedonic value, than did non-luxury brands; the perceived luxury value related significantly to Chinese consumers' purchase intention for luxury brands.
Survival strategy of OEM companies: a case study of the Chinese toy industry
(2016) Chen, Dezhi; Wei, William Xiaojun; Hu, Daiping; Muralidharan, Etayankara
Although there have been many discussions on the status and development of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), theory on how they survive is minimal. Little is known about how OEMs survive and upgrade to other business models, such as original design manufacturers (ODMs) and original brand manufacturers (OBMs), in emerging economies. The purpose of this paper is to extend the theory on the survival path of OEMs from the perspective of emerging countries by examining how OEMs survive cost pressures and upgrade to ODMs or OBMs.
Study on the evolvement of technology development and energy efficiency - a case study of the past 30 years of development in Shanghai
(2016) Wei, William Xiaojun; Chen, Dezhi; Hu, Daiping
Previous research in regional energy efficiency by using macro statistical data has demonstrated that technology development could improve regional energy efficiency. Since the start of reform and opening up in 1978, China has mainly adopted energy import and foreign direct investment to promote economic growth. At the same time, the country has also increased the input of technology and R&D to prompt technological reformation and imported technology absorption. However, there is limited research on the relationship between technology development and energy efficiency. Using the grounded theory method, the authors of this paper study the relationship between technology input-output and energy utilization efficiency in Shanghai over the past 30 years. They conclude that although the tactics of technology import and foreign direct investment can improve energy efficiency in the initial stages of modern industrialization, they cannot improve it continuously. In the more advanced stages of modern industrialization, the improvement of energy efficiency relies not only on increased R&D investment but also on R&D investment structure optimization and independent technological innovation.
Integration by emerging economy multinationals: perspectives from Chinese mergers and acquisitions
(2017) Muralidharan, Etayankara; Wei, William Xiaojun; Liu, Xiaoyu
The integration process of international mergers and acquisitions by emerging economy multinationals is fraught with challenges of liabilities of foreignness and country of origin. We use insights from institutional theory and draw on the experience of Chinese international mergers and acquisitions to explore these challenges faced by emerging economy multinationals during postmerger integration. We find that these challenges, which are primarily caused by informal institutional differences, can be overcome by developing organizational capabilities for integration and employing mechanisms for appropriate control and justice during the integration process. The study contributes to the ongoing discussions about the relevance of sociocultural influences in the successful integration of international mergers and acquisitions. Our framework proposes initiatives that managers from emerging economies can take to overcome postmerger integration challenges.
The human resources management of a democratic action: intentionality, elements and functioning
(2018) Bocatto, Evandro; Perez-de-Toledo, Eloisa
In reaction to the issue of citizens’ distrust, apathy and disengagement from representative democracy, we investigate democratic actions in which participation, deliberation, and political engagement take place: the participatory budgeting (PB) of municipalities. By integrating two epistemologies, historical-hermeneutic and empirical-analytical, we interpret the intentions to commit, and analyze the enabling conditions of its implementation, viz., PB’s human resources management. Content analysis methodology converts pieces of narratives into units of meaning, we provide evidences of the reasons why this reality is socially created, and capture its functioning. Findings from five cities show that the PB starts with the local government’s intention to respond to historical demands of civil society regarding direct participation in government. As a mean to this goal, we explain the human resources practices of attracting, developing, and retaining participants. We provide a practical benchmark for local authorities’ policy development, and for the literature of participatory management in municipalities.
The impact of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) standards on the value of cash holdings: evidence from Canadian firms
(2018) Perez-de-Toledo, Eloisa; Bocatto, Evandro
Investments in environmental and social initiatives by companies have increased considerably in recent years, as a response to an increasingly complex and demanding socioeconomic environment. However, a question that still needs to be answered is whether these investments provide a positive return or contribute to value creation. This paper aims to contribute at filling this gap by investigating the relationship between Corporate Social Performance (CSP) as measured by investments in Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) practices and firm value by comparing the market value of an extra dollar of cash for firms with high and low ESG ratings. Our results show that an extra dollar of cash is valued at a premium of $0.13 (or 13%) for high CSP firms as compared to low CSP firms. We find evidence to support the stakeholders theory and the resource based view by showing that managers who invest in ESG practices that receive the support of key stakeholders are acquiring unique resources and creating a sustainable competitive advantage, which positively affects value. We also show evidence that financial slack has value in the presence of future investment opportunities and when the cost and availability of capital is uncertain.
MNCs' R&D talent management in China: aligning practices with strategies
(2019) Wei, William Xiaojun; Li, Lydia Qianqian; Xin, Katherine; Pucik, Vlado
This paper aims to propose practical recommendations in accordance with the strategic roles played by research and development (R&D) in multinational companies (MNCs).
Valuation of ESG factors: the moderating effect of cash holdings
(2019) Perez-de-Toledo, Eloisa; Bocatto, Evandro
In this paper, we examine the value effects of investments in ESG practices by focusing on the valuation of a specific asset class, namely cash holdings. The main idea is that shareholders would value one dollar of cash at a premium when this dollar is invested in companies that follow a more stringent ESG strategy than in companies that do not. We argue that ESG initiatives can be value-enhancing investments if they enable companies to acquire resources that are valuable, unique, and inimitable (Barney 1991), and if they receive the support of key stakeholders (Freeman 1984). Therefore, by internalizing these resources companies create a sustainable competitive advantage that ultimately increases firm value.
How does home government influence the internationalization of emerging market firms? The mediating role of strategic intents to internationalize
(2019) Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Pergelova, Albena; Wei, William Xiaojun
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the differential impact of government promotional measures and government ownership on two internationalization variables: location and speed of internationalization of emerging market multinationals (EMNEs). Central to the authors’ study is the mediating role of strategic intents to internationalize. In particular, we study how government impacts the resource-seeking, market-seeking and technology-seeking motives to internationalize. The empirical setting for the paper is Chinese companies that have internationalized via an equity based entry mode. The authors employ 672 firm responses collected by the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada and the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade. The empirical results demonstrate that different home government measures have differential impact on internationalization outcomes. Government promotional measures (such as direct incentives and bilateral agreements to support internationalization) have only an indirect effect on international location and speed through the effect they have on the strategic motives to internationalize; while government ownership in the company has a direct impact on international location. The study highlights that home governments are shaping EMNEs strategic intent. Home government can influence EMNEs internationalization choices by providing resource flows through financial resources and state ownership or through asset-accumulation mechanisms via promotional measures .Policy makers in emerging markets need to develop policies focused on the specific motivations that firms have when internationalizing. EMNEs are suggested to take advantage of government policies more intentionally. The theoretical contribution centers on identifying important mediating mechanisms pointing to the interplay between government policies and international location and speed of firms. The authors contribute to the growing stream of research on internationalization of emerging market firms by building a sound theoretical model and examining empirically the role of home government in the internationalization of EMNEs.
A two-staged approach to technology entrepreneurship: differential effects of intellectual property rights
(2020) Pathak, Saurav; Muralidharan, Etayankara
In this article we examine how the strength of the intellectual property rights (IPR) regime drives technology entrepreneurship innovation (TEI). The latter is comprised of novel unfamiliar technological products and new business models, which in turn lead to new product-market combinations. We consider TEI to be a two-stage process that involves access to and use of new technologies and technological resources by entrepreneurs. While stronger IPR may constrain easy availability of new technologies and technological resources for entrepreneurs, using technology itself helps lead to TEI. We suggest that stronger IPR regimes could lead to TEI. The positive effect of TEI is felt through easier accessibility to the latest technologies and technology resources by entrepreneurs. Our model contributes to understanding the effect of strong IPR regimes on different stages of the innovation process.
You reap what you sow: knowledge hiding, territorial and idea implementation
(2020) Wei, William Xiaojun; Li, Xianmiao; Huo, Weiwei; Huang, Yi; Zheng, Manyi; Yan, Jinyi
This study aims to build a research model from the perspectives of knowledge hiding and idea implementation to examine what factors influence idea implementation and the cross-level moderating role of team territory climate.
Does China’s outward direct investment improve the institutional quality of the belt and road countries?
(2020) Pan, Chunyang; Wei, William Xiaojun; Muralidharan, Etayankara; Liao, Jia; Andreosso-O'Callaghan, Bernadette
This article investigates the effects of China’s outward direct investment (ODI) on the institutional quality of the Belt and Road (B&R) countries. Based on a panel data set of 63 B&R countries during the period 2003 to 2016, we find that China’s ODI improves the institutional quality of B&R countries not only in the short run but also in the long run. Further, although China’s ODI exerts no differential impacts on host country institutional dimensions of “control of corruption,” “government effectiveness,” and “political stability” in countries with different natural resource endowments, it improves their institutional dimensions of “regulatory quality” and “rule of law,” implying that China’s ODI may help the host B&R countries minimize the “resource curse”. As one of the most important strategies for China’s opening-up development in the current era, the B&R initiative serves as means to promote sustainable development of B&R countries. The article therefore contributes to existing scholarship on the institutional effects of China’s ODI and sheds light on the mechanisms that drive sustainable development.
Using statistical analysis to investigate the relevance of accounting information in emerging financial markets: an empirical study
(2020) Belassi, Walid; Elbarrad, Sherif
Despite extensive literature and numerous published work on the area of value relevance of accounting information, a major part of the studies have been conducted on large and developed capital markets. While there are a number of published articles in the area of value relevance of accounting information in developing markets, there is still a need to investigate more developing markets to see if there are similarities or different attributes of each market that could shed more light on the importance and usefulness of accounting relevance in developing markets. To study further the gap of accounting relevance in developing markets, this study investigates the relationship between the accounting information – represented in the financial ratios, F-Score, M-Score, in addition to market-related measures – and stock price represented in the ratio of Price to Book Value (PBV) per share and Price-Earnings (PE) Ratio. In order to shed light on the significant variables that affect the stock price in emerging markets, this study examines the cement sector in Saudi Arabia. The results of the study indicate that F-score, inventory turnover, current ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, return on assets, and average trading are significant determinants of PBV. Combined, they explain 75.1% of the variations in PBV. The study also shows that F-score and inventory turnover are significant determinants of PE. Combined, they explain 23.1% of the variations in PE.
How do manufacturing enterprises construct e-commerce platforms for sustainable development? A case study of resource orchestration
(2020) Hu, Jingbo; Ouyang, Taohua; Wei, William Xiaojun; Cai, Jiawei
The existing literatures mainly focus on the pricing, strategic significance and sustainable development characteristics of the e-commerce platform, and lack deep research on mechanisms in the process of construction like main structure of recourses and driving force. This paper takes Haier as a Chinese example and explores how manufacturing enterprises create and develop the sustainable e-commerce platform. The research findings show that: (1) An e-commerce platform respectively carries the functions of sales channels, service differences and innovation incubation in different stages of the manufacturing enterprises’ sustainable development; (2) For managing e-commerce platform of manufacturing enterprises’ sustainable development, resource orchestration can effectively realize the integration of value creation and resource; (3) Finally, it further reveals that the driving power which resource orchestration continuously promotes for the sustainable e-commerce platforms to construct is from the co-creation value of manufacturers and users. This paper discusses the structure of e-commerce platforms based on the main characteristics of each resource, and systematically explores the mechanism and evolutionary driving force of resource orchestration to promote the construction of e-commerce platforms for the sustainable development. It complements and enriches the innovation ecosystem and resource orchestration theory, providing significant practical guidance to the sustainable development of manufacturing enterprises.

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