School of Business

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Acadly: an online platform for engaged learning
(2020) Kriz, Tiffany
Faculty and students alike can benefit from the use of educational technology yet keeping up with the latest developments can pose a challenge for busy faculty. This article reviews one tool that could be used to facilitate teaching and learning in face-to-face, hybrid, or online courses. Acadly is an online platform and mobile application providing capabilities such as automated attendance, in-page discussion threads, and participation tracking. Acadly functions similar to learning management systems yet differs in ways that some faculty and students may find appealing. The article discusses the strengths and limitations of the tool based on usage in five sections of an undergraduate organizational behavior course. Acadly appears to be useful in helping students organize their work, and in facilitating greater student engagement. A notable limitation is that it currently lacks advanced grading capabilities.
Access to justice for victims of economic exploitation
(2024) White, Robert McKay
Research in intimate partner violence (IPV) has established that economic abuse, including economic exploitation, is an important form of IPV that is often used to trap victims in an abusive relationship. Though victims of all types of IPV encounter particular barriers to accessing justice, there are particular issues for those victimized by economic exploitation. This article explains the prevalence and consequences of economic exploitation and explores the indicators that victims lack access to justice. It proposes the primary obstacles victims of economic exploitation encounter and urges specific actions to assist lawyers, judges, and legislators in recognizing economic exploitation in intimate partner relationships and promoting appropriate remedies. This is particularly important for women, which data analysis indicates are at greater risk for this type of abuse.
The adoption of mobile commerce service among employed mobile phone users in Bangladesh: self-efficacy as a moderator
(2011) Hossain, Muhammad Muazzem; Islam, Md. Aminul; Khan, Mohammad Aktaruzzaman; Ramayah, T.
Mobile commerce or better known as M-commerce is a fairly new phenomenon in the wake of the second technology wave from the famous E-commerce (electronic commerce) in the 21st century. As the Internet started to proliferate in many parts of the world, the mobile phone penetration in terms of voice communication started to grow rapidly. This simultaneous rapid growth has caused a new phenomenon of convergence of Internet computing and mobile communication where M-commerce has its root. M-commerce has the potential to enhance the work-life within the employed mobile phone users in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to examine whether awareness and knowledge, convenience of Mobile devices and WAP/GPRS enabled handsets, pricing and cost, security and privacy, rich and fast information, and perceived usefulness have any influence on the adoption of M-commerce among employed Mobile phone users in two major cities in Bangladesh – Dhaka and Chittagong. A survey method was used to collect data. The findings suggest that pricing and cost, rich and fast information, and security and privacy are significant predictors of the adoption of M-commerce. Self-efficacy is found to be a moderating factor for the adoption of M-commerce services.
African development and global peace: socially responsible investing – the missing link
(2014) Siddiqui, Asif
Topics to be covered: 1) Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s) for 2015 in Retrospect, 2) Socially Responsibility Investing (SRI) in Africa, 3) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Africa, 4) The Road to Peace.
Age-related bias and artificial intelligence: a scoping review
(2023) Chu, Charlene H.; Donato-Woodger, Simon; Khan, Shehroz; Nyrup, Rune; Leslie, Kathleen; Lyn, Alexandra; Shi, Tianyu; Bianchi, Andria; Rahimi, Samira Abbasgholizadeh; Grenier, Amanda
There are widespread concerns about bias and discriminatory output related to artificial intelligence (AI), which may propagate social biases and disparities. Digital ageism refers to ageism reflected design, development, and implementation of AI systems and technologies and its resultant data. Currently, the prevalence of digital ageism and the sources of AI bias are unknown. A scoping review informed by the Arksey and O’Malley methodology was undertaken to explore age-related bias in AI systems, identify how AI systems encode, produce, or reinforce age-related bias, what is known about digital ageism, and the social, ethical and legal implications of age-related bias. A comprehensive search strategy that included five electronic bases and grey literature sources including legal sources was conducted. A framework of machine learning biases spanning from data to user by Mehrabi et al. is used to present the findings (Mehrabi et al. 2021). The academic search resulted in 7595 articles that were screened according to the inclusion criteria, of which 307 were included for full-text screening, and 49 were included in this review. The grey literature search resulted in 2639 documents screened, of which 235 were included for full text screening, and 25 were found to be relevant to the research questions pertaining to age and AI. As a result, a total of 74 documents were included in this review. The results show that the most common AI applications that intersected with age were age recognition and facial recognition systems. The most frequent machine learning algorithms used were convolutional neural networks and support vector machines. Bias was most frequently introduced in the early ‘data to algorithm’ phase in machine learning and the ‘algorithm to user’ phase specifically with representation bias (n = 33) and evaluation bias (n = 29), respectively (Mehrabi et al. 2021). The review concludes with a discussion of the ethical implications for the field of AI and recommendations for future research.
Ageism and artificial intelligence: protocol for a scoping review
(2022) Chu, Charlene H.; Leslie, Kathleen; Shi, Jiamin; Nyrup, Rune; Bianchi, Andria; Khan, Shehroz; Rahimi, Samira Abbasgholizadeh; Lyn, Alexandra; Grenier, Amanda
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a major driver of technological development in the 21st century, yet little attention has been paid to algorithmic biases toward older adults. This paper documents the search strategy and process for a scoping review exploring how age-related bias is encoded or amplified in AI systems as well as the corresponding legal and ethical implications.
Agriculture-based offsets for voluntary carbon markets: review of current state, extent of markets, smallholder and gender concerns, and addressing research gaps
(2023) Jindal, Rohit; Vardhan, Mamta
Agriculture and forestry are responsible for 22% of the global greenhouse gas emissions, which makes them crucial for meeting the ambitious carbon reduction targets under the Paris Climate Agreement. While there exist several papers on forestry-based emissions reduction projects, relatively little is known about similar projects in the agricultural sector. Indeed, the last major report on agriculture-based carbon offset projects was published in 2011. We bridge this gap in current knowledge by exploring carbon mitigation efforts in agriculture, especially the growth in the Voluntary Carbon Markets. Our review is based on a careful selection of peer-reviewed literature, international databases, and websites of carbon registries. Voluntary carbon markets have grown rapidly, transacting 493.1 million tCO2-eq in 2021, valued at nearly $2 billion. Of these, agricultural offsets contributed about 1 million tCO2-eq at an average price of $8.81 per tCO2-eq. There are currently 720 agriculture projects that generated voluntary carbon offsets in the recent past or are still active. Of these, the main ones are methane reduction (331 projects with 16.8 million tCO2-eq emissions reductions), followed by 277 projects on rice cultivation (4 million tCO2-eq). Methane reduction projects have the highest average size of 50,625 tCO2-eq per project, followed by improved irrigation management (28,322 tCO2-eq), solid waste separation (20,322 tCO2-eq), and rice cultivation (14,298 tCO2-eq). Over 90% of projects (648) are 'reduction' projects, while less than 10% (71) combine carbon removal with carbon reduction. China leads with 333 projects, followed by the US (207) and India (59). North America leads in emission reductions (11.1 million tCO2-eq), followed by Asia. Africa has 345,825 tCO2-eq reductions from one project - the Kenya Agricultural Carbon Project. Among carbon registries, 65% of all agricultural offset projects are registered through Verified Carbon Standard, followed by Climate Action Reserve (22%), the Gold Standard (9%), and the American Carbon Registry (4%). Smallholder farms contribute nearly 32% of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and are highly susceptible to climate change risks. Carbon offset projects in agriculture have varying local impacts, including positive and negative outcomes. Gender equality is often overlooked in these projects, even though most stakeholders acknowledge its importance. Despite their impressive growth, agricultural carbon offsets represent a small fraction of the overall carbon market, with only 1% of the voluntary and 2.3% of the compliance markets. This is due to the perceived high risks, including concerns about additionality, leakage, permanence, monitoring, and transaction costs. To address these issues, we recommend that projects follow standardized methodologies, collaborate with research institutions, and adopt monitoring innovations. In conclusion, despite its small size, the voluntary carbon market in agricultural offsets plays a vital role by allowing experimentation, enabling participation in jurisdictions without climate regulations, and encouraging smallholders to engage in mitigation efforts.
The Alberta climate dialogue as integrative education: deliberative democracy meets climate change
(2013) Siddiqui, Asif
Topics: Alberta Climate Dialogue (ABCD), ABCD as Integrative Education, First Social Network–Students, Second Social Network–Edmonton Citizens Panel, Third Social Network–Greater Business Involvement (Future Work).
Altering the subaltern: racial formation leading up to post-orientalism
(2012) Siddiqui, Asif
Agenda: 1. Racial Formation Theory – Michael Omi and Howard Winant; 2. Orientalism – Edward Said; 3. The Question of Palestine – Edward Said; 4. Covering Islam – Edward Said; 5. The Clash of Civilizations – Samuel Huntington; 6. The End of History – Francis Fukuyama; 7. Post-Orientalism – Hamid Dabashi;
An analysis of patterns of retail gas price variations in Canada
(2022) Ghosh, Subhadip; Islam, Shahidul
This paper intends to study the patterns in retail gasoline price variations in Canada. In particular, we examine the following questions. First, we determine whether retail gasoline prices are higher on certain days of the week. Specifically, are the retail prices higher during the weekends than the weekdays in Canada? Second, we investigate specific differences in the retail gasoline prices over various days of the week across different Canadian cities and provinces. Finally, we compare the average retail gasoline prices across different provinces in Canada.
Antecedents and outcome of employee change fatigue and change cynicism
(2021) Ouedraogo, Noufou; Ouakouak, Mohammed Laid
Organisations implement changes either to address real business imperatives or to follow trends in their industries. But frequent changes in an organisation often lead to employee change fatigue and change cynicism. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the change logic of appropriateness and the logic of consequences on change fatigue and change cynicism and the impact of change fatigue and change cynicism on change success.
Are performance explanations credible or strategic? Evidence from a large sample of MD&As1
(2024) Gong, Sabrina; Hao, Yamin; Wang, Xiaojia
This paper examines managers’ explanations of firm performance (i.e., management attributions) in a large sample of the Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) section of annual reports. We find that managers of poorly performing firms tend to attribute firm performance to external factors. We further propose a prediction model to decompose management external attributions into a credible part and a strategic part and find that both components are negatively related to firm performance. This evidence suggests that management external attributions partially reflect the actual impact of external conditions on firm performance and are not entirely subject to managerial opportunism. Additionally, we find that investors react more strongly to firm performance when managers provide credible external attributions, especially for firms without a bad reputation for strategic external attributions. We also show that executive compensation is less sensitive to firm performance when managers make more strategic external attributions.
As Canadian as apple pie: a critique of the OSC's adoption of whistleblowing bounties under Policy 15-601
(2019) Wilson, L. Daniel
Effective whistleblower protection is a matter of increasing concern in the capita! markets, with most industrialized countries having adopted some form of whistleblower protection legislation in the past decade. Internationally, capital markets regulators have debated whether payment of financial incentives to whistleblowers improves overall outcomes. In July 2016, the Ontario Securities Commission (the "OSC") adopted a comprehensive whistleblower program that involved payment of whistleblower "bounties" following the SEC model in the United States. Two other Canadian securities commissions (Quebec and Alberta) have subsequently rejected the OSC model in the design of their own whistleblower protection programs. This article reviews the history and landscape of whistleblower protection in Canada with a focus on the recent OSC initiative that resulted in Policy 15-601. Academic arguments for and against payment of whistleblower bounties are discussed, along with consideration of the trajectory of capital markets regulators outside of Canada and the United States. The article concludes that there is no sufficiently compelling rationale for adoption of whistleblower bounties in the Canadian public markets context. The OSC has adopted the American mode! without proper regard for an evolving consensus in international whistleblower best practices and local Canadian context. Moreover, the OSC's adoption of a whistleblower bounty model leads to a number of other problematic program elements that could have been avoided. A national whistleblower policy implemented by provincial securities regulators without a financial compensation component would be preferable for the Canadian capital markets.
Assets of origin? Chinese multinational enterprises amidst the Belt and Road initiative
(2020) Wang, Liang; Yan, Haifeng; Yang, Xiaohua; Ciabuschi, Francesco; Wei, William Xiaojun
This article reviews the current literature on the implications of the Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative for Chinese multinational enterprises (CMNEs) and calls for further empirical investigations of the motivations, processes, and consequences of the expansion of CMNEs into B&R countries. We posit that the rapid expansion of CMNEs in these countries indicates assets, rather than liabilities, for the county of origin. Empirical studies in this special issue provide new insights into what is “Chinese” about Chinese foreign direct investment in B&R countries and how the “assets of origin” may play a role in CMNEs' expansion in B&R countries.
Autonomy and empowerment for middle managers in Jamaican local (municipal) authorities: a positioning strategy for change leadership/management
(2022) Roache, Darcia Ann Marie; Thomson, Stanley Bruce; Muschette, Richard Oliver; Wilmot, Ann-Marie; Thompson, Canute Sylvester
The chapter explores how chief executive officers' (CEOs) leadership styles in municipal corporations (MCs) in Jamaica affect middle managers' autonomy and empowerment for change leadership in times of crises. The CEOs' leadership styles contribute to the performance of middle managers' fulfilment of their organizational mandate. Fourteen participants (senior and middle managers), with at least 10 years of working experience at the senior and middle management levels, participated in this study to explore human lived experiences using a case study approach. The qualitative case study used NVivo 12 software to analyze data collected using semi-structured interview questions on how CEOs in MCs can empower middle managers with autonomy to effectively perform their jobs. The findings reveal that when CEOs empower and give autonomy to middle managers, such an action could transform local government organizations and encourage best practices for organizational change in times of crises.
Becoming a community engaged professional in management studies using relational pedagogy
(2019) Chika-James, Theresa; Salem, Tarek
Overview: Roles of community engaged professionals: Understand the concepts of community engaged scholarship. Collaborate with students and community organizations as co educators, co learners, co generators of knowledge. Integrate research, teaching and service through community engagement. Mentor students and faculty to build community engagement scholarship and portfolio. Provide leadership to advance community engagement scholarship in higher institution of learning (e.g. MacEwan University School of Business).
Belief in a COVID-19 conspiracy theory as a predictor of mental health and well-being of health care workers in Ecuador: cross-sectional survey study
(2020) Chen, Xi; Zhang, Stephen X.; Jahanshahi, Asghar Afshar; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Dai, Huiyang; Li, Jizhen; Ibarra, Verónica García
Objective: Our aim was to provide the first evidence that belief in conspiracy theories regarding the COVID-19 pandemic is a predictor of the mental health and well-being of health care workers. Methods: We conducted a survey of 252 health care workers in Ecuador from April 10 to May 2, 2020. We analyzed the data regarding distress and anxiety caseness with logistic regression and the data regarding life and job satisfaction with linear regression.
Belt‐and‐Road Initiative: driving the need to understand intellectual capital in Chinese multinational enterprises
(2020) Wei, William Xiaojun; Swallow, Phillip; Kong, Eric; Thomson, Stanley Bruce
China's Belt‐and‐Road Initiative (BRI) is one of the most ambitious trade and development projects in history which intends to link Chinese multinational enterprises (CMNEs) to the Asian subcontinent, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe through two trade routes, land and sea. The project involves infrastructure development, human knowledge, and international relations to develop trade relationships. Increased competition along the two routes will see other governments taking initiatives to protect the business community in their nations; thus, adding barriers that must be overcome by CMNEs. The success of CMNEs in the BRI relies on the three components—structural, human, and relational—which are the three components of intellectual capital (IC). Through the use of IC CMNEs can assess their strengths and weaknesses. It will be the understanding of these strengths and weaknesses which will drive the success or failure of CMNEs.
Blockchain for business: understanding the core principles and implications of blockchain technology in a new decentralized world
(2023) Bilodeau, Victor
Begins by providing a solid foundation in blockchain technology, elucidating its underlying principles and mechanics. This foundation enables readers to grasp the core concepts, such as decentralization, consensus mechanisms, and cryptography. With this knowledge, readers can appreciate the profound implications of this technology on data security, transparency, and efficiency across various sectors. To provide a broader context for the rise of blockchain, the book delves into the history of money and the evolution of monetary systems. By exploring the development of currencies and their role in shaping human societies, the reader gains a deeper appreciation of the potential impact that blockchain and cryptocurrencies can have on the global economy. This historical perspective is essential to understanding the true value and significance of blockchain’s potential in transforming how we conduct business and exchange value. The book’s final section is dedicated to cryptocurrencies, the most well-known application of blockchain technology. It covers the inception of Bitcoin, the first successful cryptocurrency, and discusses the growth of the cryptocurrency ecosystem, including various types of digital currencies, exchanges, wallets, and regulations. This section provides readers with a clear understanding of the opportunities and challenges presented by cryptocurrencies, enabling them to make informed decisions regarding their adoption and integration into business strategies.
Book review: Small states in a global economy: crisis, cooperation and contributions
(2015) Enstroem, Rickard
This book is devoted to a bouquet of topics related to if, when, and how small states can play a role on the global arena and how they economically benefit from—or are impeded by—cooperations and linkages with other nations and international organizations. Although not signalled by the title, the scope of the analysis is limited primarily to Iceland and Latvia, typically by using the Scandinavian countries Denmark, Norway, and Sweden as a comparison group.

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