Department of International Business, Marketing, Strategy and Law
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Item An exploration of the influence of having international family on higher education reputation and loyalty(2024) Cartwright, Kelly; Angulo-Ruiz, FernandoWe use a mixed-methodology to examine the influence of having international family on higher education (HE) reputation and loyalty. Employing qualitative research, we hypothesize that having family members in the international country where an international student plans to pursue higher education is a key source of information that activates not only awareness and positive associations of universities but also a social identity which in turn affects HE reputation and loyalty. We test our hypotheses using survey responses from international students of a HE institution based in Alberta, Canada. Our structural equation modeling results point to the significant role of having international family—relative to marketing activities—for building HE reputation and in turn for affecting HE loyalty. Our findings contribute to the literature on organizational reputation in an international context with an enhanced understanding of the determinants of HE reputation and insights into the psychological and social processes of reputation formation. This research has also implications for university international officers and HE marketers to help with attracting international students.Item Electronic signatures and ethics(2007) Srivastava, Aashish; Thomson, Stanley Bruce; Quigley, MarianThe advent of the Internet once again raised the question as to what constitutes a signature and what form of signature should be used to sign electronic documents. This led legal jurists and academics to examine what a signature is. Traditionally, a signature is “the name of a person written with his or her own hand” (Merriam- Webster Online Dictionary, 2006), and since 439 AD in the Roman Empire, a signature authenticated wills (Nicholas, 1965). However, courts have accepted various other forms of signature such as initials, marks, rubber stamp, typed name, and a printed name.1 Thus the validity of a signature is not to be tested by its form but rather by the functions it performs (Reed, 2000).Item The emergence of the institution of mingongzhi and its implications for a unified labour market in China(2010) Zhu, Cherrie Jiuhua; Zhang, Mingqiong; Thomson, Stanley Bruce; Nyland, Chris; Guo, Yue; Wang, Yue; Ramburuth, PremThere have been significant changes in the available workforce in Chinese cities due to the influx of millions of migrant workers as the consequence of economic reforms. Drawing on institutional theory, this chapter discusses the emergence of the 'institution of mingongzhi' (mingong means farmer-turned workers and zhi means system in Chinese) and provides a justification for applying the label of institution. Mingongzhi refers to a social-economic system under which certain people or social groups, known as mingong here, are socially excluded in urban areas of contemporary China. Based on the empirical evidence from the case studies and surveys conducted in Changsha and Haerbin, we found the existence of the institution of mingongzhi even after many of the barriers for rural migrants were removed by the central government. We argue that mingongzhi needs to be deinstitutionalized if China is to establish a unified labour market as advocated by the International Labour Organization and the World Trade Organization.Item Religion and organizational stigma at work(2015) Thomson, Stanley BruceThis book uses stigma theory to provide meaningful insight into the coping mechanisms of employees who experience critical and judgmental reactions to their religion in the workplace. Thomson's research synthesizes the various models of invisible diversity management and offers strategies for application at the organizational level.Item Access to justice for victims of economic exploitation(2024) White, Robert McKayResearch in intimate partner violence (IPV) has established that economic abuse, including economic exploitation, is an important form of IPV that is often used to trap victims in an abusive relationship. Though victims of all types of IPV encounter particular barriers to accessing justice, there are particular issues for those victimized by economic exploitation. This article explains the prevalence and consequences of economic exploitation and explores the indicators that victims lack access to justice. It proposes the primary obstacles victims of economic exploitation encounter and urges specific actions to assist lawyers, judges, and legislators in recognizing economic exploitation in intimate partner relationships and promoting appropriate remedies. This is particularly important for women, which data analysis indicates are at greater risk for this type of abuse.Item The effect size and nonlinearity of the relationship between cannabis consumption and consumer self‐perceived mental health: a study based on eight national surveys in Canada(2024) Deng, Qian; Li, LunPrevious research suggests a negative association between cannabis consumption and consumer mental health, but the magnitude and linearity of this association require further investigation. Therefore, this study analyzed eight suitable national survey datasets from Statistics Canada from 2009 to 2021. In the general population, the mean effect size between cannabis use (yes/no) and self-perceived mental health is negative but very small in magnitude (R= 0.096). Moreover, in the cannabis user sub-population, the mean effect size between cannabis usage frequency and mental health is small in magnitude (R= 0.157). More importantly, among cannabis users, a nonlinear negative relationship between cannabis use frequency and mental health was identified. Specifically, as cannabis use becomes more frequent and people's self-perceived mental health worsens, the association becomes stronger. These findings have significant implications for social marketing and health promotion.Item Industry hybrid regulation: Exploring a model for business-driven circular economy(2024) Chapardar, HadiGovernment is often seen as the arbiter for environmental protection. Alternatively, firms can volunteer to proactively take collective action toward sustainability, called industry self-regulation. But, what happens when neither of the two alternatives can deliver the expected outcomes? This inductive study addresses such a situation in managing hazardous consumer waste in the province of Ontario, Canada, where waste management and later circular economy have been on the agenda since the 1980s. However, both self- and government regulation failed to spur the advancements required to close material loops effectively and efficiently. Finally, after three decades, actors developed a new path to transition to circular economy. This longitudinal process study focuses on this process to explore the changes in business-policy interactions that realized this transition. I analyze extensive qualitative data, including 55 interviews with top-level decision-makers in all stakeholder groups (businesses, policy-makers, NGOs, consultants, etc.). Based on the unearthed patterns, I propose a hybrid model for regulation. In this model, both business and government coordinate throughout the process to set the rules and enforce them. By allowing organically shaped competition, this model can spur proactivity and innovation, which are crucial for the transition to circular economy but are hard to incentivize in conventional policymaking. The model can be used in any situation where an urgent issue needs immediate proactive responses by business.Item Understanding choices of legal forms: empirical evidence from private Indigenous businesses in Canada(2024) Huckell, Travis; Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Delisle, Arlan; Skudra, Max; Gladu, Jean-PaulThe present study takes up the challenge of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Report Call to Action 27 to provide “appropriate cultural competency training” for lawyers dealing with Indigenous persons. Specifically, we look at how private Indigenous business owners take up private law forms of business organization, namely: sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. We use survey data from representative samples of Indigenous entrepreneurs in Canada in 2010 and 2015, and we also employ the report of the 2020 Ontario Aboriginal Business Survey developed by the Canadian Council for Aboriginal Business. Findings reveal that Indigenous entrepreneurs’ higher education levels, business training and experience, as well as the age and size of the business positively influence the selection of the corporation legal form of business. Business location on a reserve has a positive influence on the selection of sole proprietorship or partnership forms. These conclusions, based on empirical evidence, answer a need identified in the study of Indigenous business enterprises and allow legal practitioners to understand the reasons why private Indigenous entrepreneurs prefer one form of legal business organization over others.Item Research recast(ed): S3E17 - Small businesses and underrepresented entrepreneurs(2024) Leschyshyn, Brooklyn; Smadis, Natalie; Pergelova, AlbenaIn today's episode, we are joined by Dr. Albena Perglova in her research that explores whether entrepreneurship education can motivate more women to enter STEM fields as entrepreneurs. We discuss how Dr. Perglova's research focuses on underrepresented entrepreneurs, including women and social entrepreneurs, and how they can positively change their communities. Dr. Perglovas's PhD research focused on interdisciplinary links between business fields, emphasizing small businesses and positive social change.Item Research recast(ed): S2E10 - Consumer behavior, black toilet paper, and the concept of weirdness with Dr. Claire Deng(2023) Miskiman, Megan; Schabert, Reinette; Deng, QianIn today’s episode, assistant professor of marketing here at MacEwan University - Dr. Claire Deng - discusses her research in consumer behaviour, the concept of weirdness, and the importance of market research.Item Research recast(ed): S3E7 - Bringing environmental and social sustainability into the field of business(2023) Leschyshyn, Brooklyn; Smadis, Natalie; Chapardar, HadiIn this episode, we have a conversation with Dr. Hadi Chapardar regarding his research on environmental and social sustainability in business. We delve into the challenges of bringing together two fields that have evolved with different assumptions, purposes, time horizons, and levels. The discussion centers around the tension between sustainability and change in business, and we explore the concepts of circular economy and resilience in supply chains. Dr. Hadi Chapardar shares his insights into new approaches to economics.Item Intellectual capital and strategic human resource management in social service non-profit organisations in Australia(2006) Kong, Eric; Thomson, Stanley BruceVery little systematic research has focused on the Intellectual Capital (IC) and Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) link in the social service non-profit sector. Using data gathered from Australian Social Service Non-profit Organisations (SSNPOs), this paper fills this gap by building a nascent body of literature that put forth that IC plays a central role in SHRM in SSNPOs. SSNPO executives perceived IC as a tool to capture a complete picture of organisational potential, thus providing the necessary picture to formulate strategy for long-term development. Finally, the paper proposes a new model which illustrates that IC drives SHRM in the social service non-profit sector.Item E-business law in China: strengths and weaknesses(2007) Srivastava, Aashish; Thomson, Stanley BruceWith 123 million Internet users, China represents a phenomenal potential market for e‐business. The astounding success of China in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) can be partially explained by a series of reforms of policies, regulations, and laws. Can the introduction of China's new electronic signatures law produce the same results for e‐business in China? This paper analyses the electronic signatures law as a tool fashioned by Chinese lawmakers to encourage e‐business growth in China as they encouraged FDI. We find that China has created an electronic signature law that mirrors the open, flexible, and ever‐changing e‐environment. The fact that the law is not technology‐specific, but rather technology‐neutral, allowing for technological advances, is one of its strong points. A negative aspect of the law is its lack of a set guideline for identification requirements for purchasers of a reliable electronic signature, more commonly known as a digital signature, from electronic certification service providers. Despite the few negative aspects, the electronic signatures law should encourage the development of e‐business in China.Item Hybrid human resource management in post-Soviet Kazakhstan(2007) Minbaeva, Dana B.; Hutchings, Kate; Thomson, Stanley BruceThis paper explores Human Resource Management (HRM) practices in foreign-owned subsidiaries in Kazakhstan and examines the development of HRM and the extent to which practices and policies are reflective of their countries of origin, older-style Soviet and post-Soviet practices, or an emerging Kazakhstan. The discussion is based on findings which utilised a questionnaire-based survey, secondary data and interviews with HR managers. The paper concludes that HRM and employee relations practices utilised are a hybrid of old-style Soviet and Western-based approaches (US and European), and also provided are some implications for theory and managerial practice.Item Research recast(ed): S2E8 - Give them something, but not too much, with Dr. Murli Muralidharan(2022) Ekelund, Brittany; Cave, Dylan; Muralidharan, EtayankaraToday we are talking with Dr. Etayankara Muralidharan, who you might know as Murli here on campus. We are diving into the world of product recalls, and how companies balance priorities - and sometimes pass the blame - when having to pull products off the shelves. We learn about how the organizational systems studied in product recall research also have implications for other systems in our society, and how our politicians and bureaucrats also play the balancing game when it comes to making big decisions in the public space. If you’re interested in following up with Murli’s work, you can check out this Conversation Canada article, Parents should do research on toy recalls before buying Christmas gifts.Item Research recast(ed): S1E11 - Internationalization with Dr. Fernando Angulo-Ruiz(2022) Ekelund, Brittany; Cave, Dylan; Angulo-Ruiz, FernandoToday we explore marketing and business through topics including benefit corporations, the internationalization of Indigenous businesses, and keeping your corporate promises! Joining us today is Dr. Fernando Angulo-Ruiz, an associate professor in the department of International Business, Marketing, Strategy & Law at MacEwan University, where he is also a Board of Governors Research Chair. His latest research program focuses on understanding the phenomenon of hybrid businesses, and his body of research also includes research on Indigenous businesses and benefit corporations.Item The relevance of marketing activities for higher education institutions across developed economies(2016) Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Pergelova, Albena; Cheben, JurajThe higher education(HE)sector is experiencing continuous growth (Durvasula et al. 2011) and projections point that potential demand for HE worldwide will expand from 97 million students in 2000 to over 262 million students by 2025 (Bjarnason et al. 2009). One of the noticeable trends in the education sector throughout this growth has been what some have called global marketization (Marginson and van der Wende 2007; Naidoo and Wu 2011). The term "marketization" refers to the facts that as the HE market has become progressively more competitive, many HE institutions (HEI) have started to engage in strategic market.ing and design marketing activities with the aim of increasing the number of applicants to their universities (Angulo et al. 2010; Hemsley-Brown and Oplatka 2006).Item Internationalization of Indigenous businesses: a comparison between new ventures and older firms (interactive paper)(2016) Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Pergelova, Albena; Skudra, Max; Gladu, J. P.This research studies the impact of entrepreneur’s characteristics, entrepreneur’s network, firm capabilities, and firm competitive advantages on the internationalization of new and older firms. The context to study this phenomenon is indigenous entrepreneurship. Indigenous peoples are commonly among the most vulnerable segments of society. From this perspective, indigenous people might perceive the context as a liability. However, the indigenous context provides entrepreneurs with culture-specific values and skills that can be leveraged in the marketplace. The current study adds the notion of entrepreneur’s identity rooted in culture-specific values as a source of competitive advantage that can aid in internationalization. This study uses a unique dataset of Aboriginal businesses in Canada developed by the Canadian Council for Aboriginal Business. The dataset includes data collected in the 2011 Aboriginal Business Survey, which is based on a telephone survey conducted with a representative sample of 1,095 self-identified First Nations, Métis and Inuit small business owners.Item Entrepreneurship as change-creation: testing the emancipation perspective and its outcomes(2017) Pergelova, Albena; Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando; Dana, Léo-PaulThis paper contributes to the emerging wave of critical entrepreneurship studies by building on recent conceptual advancements that view entrepreneuring as emancipation, i.e., entrepreneurial activities as generators of change and pursuit of liberation from perceived constraints. Using a representative dataset of Canadian Aboriginal SMEs, the paper investigates how the type of “freedom” / liberation entrepreneurs pursue affects the way they enact several aspects of their businesses and the performance outcomes achieved. Findings suggest that distinctly different business models, practices, and outcomes characterize entrepreneurs looking for freedom for themselves vs. the ones looking for change for the social collective of which they are apart.Item Measuring the efficiency of digital advertising(2017) Pergelova, Albena; Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando...this chapter's objective is to synthesize the digital advertising effectiveness/ efficiency literature, propose a model that incorporates a broader set of metrics, including consumer empowerment, and outline a methodological measurement approach that can capture the diversity of inputs and outputs (both consumer and advertiser-controlled) generated as a result of digital advertising campaigns. Current Ways to Measure Digital Advertising Effects In this section, we provide a review of the digital advertising effectiveness literature, organizing it around two themes: advertiser-controlled inputs into the ad campaign and consumer-controlled inputs (Rodgers &Thorson, 2000), with the caveat that the distinction is fluid because of the consumer-advertiser interaction and interdependence in the process (Stewart & Pavlou, 2002). The review is not meant to be exhaustive, but rather is to illustrate the types of inputs into and outcomes from digital advertising campaigns.